This review article examines one of the most relevant, unique and mysterious cosmic bodies - neutron stars, their characteristics, as well as the possibility of using their unique properties for space exploration. In addition, the article provides a brief overview of research in the field of modeling neutron stars, briefly discussing their observations, core structure, magnetic fields and stellar density. The proposed work is aimed at studying the nature of neutron stars, as well as determining their speed, density and radii. The structure of the core of a neutron star and the types of neutron stars are also briefly described: pulsars, X-ray pulsars, millisecond pulsars, and the dependence of the effective mass of neutrons in a neutron star is also shown, as well as the dependence for different masses of neutron stars on their radial coordinates. In this article, we focused not only on foreign research, but also on the research of domestic scientists in the field of neutron star physics. The review article also shows a graph of the dependence of the effective mass of neutrons of a neutron star on their radial coordinates for different masses of the neutron star and provides an analysis of this graph.