The article provides information on education, forms and methods of education of students with special deviations in development and intellectual disabilities who require psychological and pedagogical assistance. In the course of the study, innovative methods were used to develop critical thinking skills and improve mathematical literacy of students with intellectual disabilities. In order to form the basic mathematical knowledge and apply the acquired knowledge of students in everyday life, tasks were proposed using various methods in accordance with the lesson objectives of the curriculum. The experimental site was conducted in the communal state institution Kargaly № 3 secondary school in Zhambyl district of Almaty region. 8th grade students with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. The study found that by making critical thinking skills a central component of mathematics education, the learning outcomes of these students improved significantly. Thus, by focusing on critical thinking and using personalized, adaptive teaching methods, teachers can help students with intellectual disabilities develop mathematical literacy and problem-solving skills, enhancing their overall learning experience and future prospects.